01

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them. 

重点词汇：

porosity n.多孔性

permeability n.渗透性

cavity n. 孔，腔

crevice n.裂缝 

句式分析：

祈使句，谓语note加that引导的宾语从句，后跟which引导的修饰permeability的非限定性定语从句，with which修饰ease。分号后是主谓宾结构，and链接两个并列成分 

翻译：

但是需要注意多孔性跟渗透性是不一样的，渗透性是用来测量水流穿透一个物质的难易度；这取决于单个沙粒的大小以及连接他们的缝隙的大小。

02

Another , advanced in the twentieth  century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life.

 重点词汇：

have a gift for…有…的天赋

seek v.寻找

encounter v.  遭遇，邂逅 

句式分析：

句子主干another suggests that…其中that引导宾语从句

advanced in the twentieth  century 插入语修饰another（理论）

Which引导定语从句修饰fantasy 

翻译：

另外，20世纪提出的先进理论认为人类擅长幻想，通过幻想将日常生活中的现实重塑成更加令人满意的形式。

This is particularly true for tress in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.

重点词汇：

latitude n.纬度

attain v.获得

ridge n. 山脊

valley n.山谷 

句式分析：

which引导定语从句

whereas引导的转折结构 

翻译：

位于中上层纬度的树木更是如此，他们在山脊地形上往往会长得更高，然而在热带地区，生长在山谷里的树木却长得更高

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

重点词汇：

fossil n.化石

intermediate adj.中间的 

句式分析：

missing提前，倒装结构 

翻译：

近期发现的化石已经可以很清晰地展示了陆地不如动物以及鲸类之间的过渡关系。